Infant and young child feeding

Infant and young child feeding

Improvement of breast feeding practices, like early initiation and exclusive breast feeding for the first two years of life, could save the lives of 1.5 million children annually.^[117] Nutrition interventions targeted at infants aged 0–5 months first encourages early initiation of breastfeeding.^[3] Though the relationship between early initiation of breast feeding and improved health outcomes has not been formally established, a recent study in Ghana suggests a causal relationship between early initiation and reduced infection-caused neo-natal deaths.^[3] Also, experts promote exclusive breastfeeding, rather than using formula, which has shown to promote optimal growth, development, and health of infants.^[118] Exclusive breastfeeding often indicates nutritional status because infants that consume breast milk are more likely to receive all adequate nourishment and nutrients that will aid their developing body and immune system. This leaves children less likely to contract diarrheal diseases and respiratory infections.^[2]

Besides the quality and frequency of breastfeeding, the nutritional status of mothers affects infant health. When mothers do not receive proper nutrition, it threatens the wellness and potential of their children.^[2] Well-nourished women are less likely to experience risks of birth and are more likely to deliver children who will develop well physically and mentally.^[2] Maternal undernutrition increases the chances of low-birth weight, which can increase the risk of infections and asphyxia in fetuses, increasing the probability of neonatal deaths.^[119] Growth failure during intrauterine conditions, associated with improper mother nutrition, can contribute to lifelong health complications.^[3] Approximately 13 million children are born with intrauterine growth restriction annually.^[120]

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